Diabetes symptoms and sugar signs

Diabetes Mellitus is a sub-schematic disease in which the increased content of glucose in the blood is observed.When digestion of food, carbohydrates and proteins that decompose simple sugar and amino acids.The liver converts all sugar and some of the amino acids in glucose, which is used as a source of energy with all body body.Glucose enters the blood in cells with insulin, hormone produced by pancreas (a pear organ found below the stomach).Attaching to receptors on the surface of the cell membrane, insulin promotes protein progress that transports glucose from the depth of cell to its surface, where they are connected to glucose and carry it in a cell.With diabetes Mellitus, this procedure appears several interference: insulin production with pancreas can be partially or completely disturbed or body body can be incompetently respond to the normal amount of insulin.

Diabetes Mellitus is a heterogeneous disease and is located in two forms: diabetes of the first type or "insulin-conceited" and diabetes of another type or "insulin-divided". In the first type of diabetes, also known as youthful diabetes, the pancreas produces a small amount of insulin or does not produce it at all.

This type of diabetes develops suddenly and is most often found in people under 30 years;The average age of his start of his development is between 12 and 14 years.However, the diabetes of the first type is only about 5 percent of all cases of diabetes.Another type of diabetes, also known as adult diabetes, are much more common.In this type of diabetes, the production of insulin pancreatics is only slightly reduced, but cells cannot effectively respond to insulin, so that this disease is considered a resistance resistance.Diabetes of the other kind usually starts in a degree and affects people over the age of 40, and especially full people, one of the risk factors is older than 50 years.Occasionally they can be noticed on adults, first-type diabetes.

The main causes of diabetes development are: hereditary predisposition, pancreatic disease, overeating (reading - the overload of the same pancreas, liver and gastrointestinal tract), excessive use of simple carbohydrates (sugar, sweets, stases, cakes, chocolates and more), animal fat, alcohol.In some cases, diabetes mellitus may occur due to mental trauma, poisoning or intoxication (including drugs).

In addition to both types of diabetes, hyperglycemia leads to the release of glucose in urine, which was accompanied by increasing urine production.If the patient with the first type diabetes is prescribed by the wrong amount of insulin, excessive ejector from the adipose tissue will lead to excessive ketone production in the liver.The accumulation of ketonary bodies can cause a lifetime -threient condition known as diabetic ketoacitosis.Diabetic ketoacitosis can sometimes be found in patients with the diabetes of another type during the period when the body experiences strong tension, for example, during a severe infectious disease.

People with the diabetes of the second type are subject to another life - a disease known as a hyperomamotic non-mentary state, characterized by an extremely high level of blood sugar.This disease is usually found in older people with any other serious illness.Attack of diabetic ketoacitosis or hyperosmotic condition can be the first sign of diabetes.

People with diabetes can suffer from low blood sugar (hypoglycemia) if they manage too much insulin during treatment.

After 10-20 years of diabetes, patients may have complications, for example, vision impairment, kidney damage and peripheral nervous degeneration (neuropathy).Strict control over blood glucose content can detain or prevent the appearance of these complications.Lost loss in legs can lead to the fact that damage will remain without attention, and infection will appear.

Symptoms

What signs can I say that you have diabetes or indicate that there is a risk of its phenomenon?

• Excessive and frequent urination (around each hour).Waking up at night for urinating.The body, in order to solve excess sugar, emits it through the kidneys in urine.
• A strong thirst or increased need to drink a lot of liquid.It is caused by the fact that the glucose level increases in the blood, which "takes away" the liquid of the tissue, the tissue is dehydrated.Therefore, patients are forced to drink a lot: 2-3-5 liters per day or more.
• Itchy skin and genital.
• Dry mouth.
• Bad healing wounds.
• At first, great weight, then decreases it due to violation of food absorption, especially carbohydrates.
• Reducing immunity - frequent infections from banal flu and colds in pneumonia.
• Sometimes the disease is preceded by "strange" conditions: as a result of short-intentional glades or after intense physical activity, headaches, pale, praise sweat and general weaknesses.As soon as the person ate, he drank at least a cup of sweet tea, all the symptoms passed quickly.Indirect, this may indicate the pancreatic failure: Insulin entered the blood more than usual, and the sugar level decreased below the allowed level-3-3.5 units.
• Increased appetite.
• Unmailed weight loss.
• Poor vision.
• Fatigue and weakness.
• Frequent or permanent infections of the bladder, skin or gum.
• Stiffness and tingling in legs and hands.
• Signs of hypoglycemia.
• Powerful symptoms of hyperosmotic non-monetary state: Extraordinary thirst, lethargy, weakness, confusion of consciousness, to whom.
• Jaki symptoms of diabetic ketoacidosis: nausea and vomiting, shortness of breath, confusion, coma.

The symptoms described were observed in 40-90% of patients with diabetes much before diagnosis.But there are also "inhuman" symptoms, whose phenomenon leads to increased blood sugar:

The skin is gradually becoming dry, obnes, shirts, naked, dry and brittle hair, are growing and disappearing on the skin, due to the reduction of general immunity, cooking, the need for blood sugar testing in the patient.Often on the skin is affected by fungi, eczema, deprivation.

1. Appearance and advancement of vascular disorders - Development of atherosclerosis, hypertension, angina pectoris, memory decreases (brain vessels);
2. Diabetic changes in bloody lower vessels (retinopathy), vision reduction;
3. Reduction of kidney function (nephropathy, pielonephritis);
4. Diabetic foot ("legs in cold burns and crushes in warm" - violation of the blood of the lower extremities);
5. Sometimes the character (mental disorders) change;
6. One of the signs of diabetes is a lesion of gums - periodontitis, bleeding, right blue, and teeth are starting to pick up, sometimes they leave their legal locations painlessly.
7. Diabetes Mellitus affects the glands of internal excretion.Men lose interest in women, they shrink not only to Libid, but also to potency.The woman's menstrual cycle is "lost", happens that menstruation completely disappears.

Therefore, diabetes Mellitus is called endocrine disease exchange of pancreatic lesions, characterized by blood sugar growth and violation of all types of metabolism in the body.

In diabetes Mellitus, antiabet, hidden diabetes mellitus and diabetes themselves are different.The latter is manifested in light, moderate and strong severity.

With a reservation, hidden diabetes and mild diabetes, the diet is the only therapeutic factor.And with medium and heavy forms - a necessary condition for successful treatment and maintaining acceptable quality of life.

In addition, people with diabetes are more sensitive to narrowing coronary arteries and narrowing the blood vessels that supply the brain and legs.A combination of infectious leg diseases and reducing blood supply can lead to gangrene (tissue death), which requires amputation.

Treatment of the first type diabetes requires one to four daily insulin injections.(Insulin cannot be taken orally, because the digestive juices are destroyed.) In addition, it is necessary to observe the diet and exercises so that blood glucose levels are not too high or too low.A combination of diet, exercise and loss of weight can be used for diabetes of other types, although medications (including insulin) are usually required and.Treatment largely depends on self-service.Although there is no means to cure diabetes, almost all patients can control symptoms and lead full life.

• The first type diabetes is an autoimmune disease that occurs as a result of the wrong attack system on the cells of the insulin pancreas cells.
• With the diabetes of another can, genetic factors are important.
• Excessive integrity makes people predisposed to develop a different type diabetes.
• Some medications, such as corticosteroids or diuretic thiazides, can increase the risk of developing another type diabetes.
• Other diseases, such as hemotromatosis, chronic pancreatitis, cursing, or acromegalia syndrome, can lead to diabetes.Surgical removal of pancreas can also cause diabetes.
• Pregnant women can develop diabetes, which usually disappears after childbirth.These women are at risk of developing another type diabetes in the future.
• Contrary to the existing opinion, the use of a great sweet sweet does not contribute to the development of diabetes.

The general principles of diet in diabetes are reduced to simple rules.

The dietary calorie content should be reduced to 2000-2200 kcal by reducing simple carbohydrates: sugar, cakes, ice cream, chocolate, sweets, jams, pasta, rice, honey and similar products.Black bread, legumes, vegetables, fruits are complex carbohydrates (except for bananas, grapes, watermelons), and their consumption is allowed under normal limits.Seafood is useful due to good acquired high-quality protein and minerals contained in them, especially in terms - the required component for insulin production.Grah in zinc content, so necessary for patients with diabetes, and copper is the champion among vegetables.The use of beans reduces thirst and in the presence of simultaneous atherosclerosis with a heartbreaking rhythm - returns a normal rhythm!

It is recommended to eat 3-4 times a day.Between meals, drink water.It should be limited input of sodium salt up to 10 g, animals and vegetable fat - up to 50 g, as well as reduce dairy consumption (cheeses, ice cream, sausages, cakes, brains, grilling and poultry.

Prevention

• To prevent the development of the second-type diabetes, you must lose weight if your weight exceeds the norm for more than 20 percent and maintains normal weight.
• Exercise regularly.
• There is no good known way to prevent the diabetes of the first type.
• People with any type of diabetes should regularly pass the eye exam for early detection and treatment of visual damage diabetes.

Diagnostics

• Medical history and physical examination can give a basis for the assumption of the presence of the disease.
• The diagnosis can be executed if the blood test on an empty stomach displays a high glucose level (126 mg / dl or more) at least twice.
• When the test results are ambiguous, a sample can be made on glucose tolerance.Patient drinks drinks containing 75 g glucose, and then blood glucose content measures every 30 minutes for two hours.
• Urine analysis can be taken to determine protein content.
• Measure the blood of glycogemoglobin;It shows the average blood glucose content over the past two to three months.

For first-type diabetes:

• Everyday insulin injections are needed.It takes one to four daily injections to control blood glucose levels.There are long-manual medications and fast actions, and are often prescribed in combination.
• Strict nutrition and meal schedule are needed to maintain the desired blood glucose level.Your doctor can recommend food with mass fat, salt and cholesterol and can advise you to visit the food planning nutritionist.
• Since physical exercises and insulin reduce glucose levels, exercise and introduction of insulin should be designed so that their effect does not apply and do not cause a dangerous drop in blood sugar (hypoglycemia).
• Strict injection exercises, diet and performance are needed for proper disease control.

For other type diabetes:

• We need to use low food and low food in combination with the correct performance performance.
• Medications taken as orally can be written to increase the production of insulin pancreas, if exercises and diets do not suffer enough blood glucose.
• Other oral medications can reduce insulin resistance or slow down sugar absorption from the intestines.
• Insulin injections may be needed for strong attacks of other types of diabetes or if the patient with the diabetes of another type has any other disease.

For both types of diabetes:

• Blood tests for measuring glucose levels are needed, from one to four times a day (depending on the doctor's recommendation).Your doctor will advise which device you will be used at home for blood sugar measurement.
• Special attention should be paid to the development of atherosclerosis, as it is often combined with diabetes.Diabetes patients must not smoke, they should eat weak fats, cholesterol and salt and take high blood pressure medications or high cholesterol.
• People with diabetes need to drink a large amount of water when they get sick with another disease, for example, the flu, to fill out the lost liquid and prevent diabetic coma.During the disease of people with the first type diabetes, you should check the urine for the bodies of Keton every four to six hours.
• People with diabetes need to take care of your legs and check them every day.Nerve damage in diabetes reduces leg sensitivity, and low damage can lead to the development of serious infectious diseases.
• Laser photocoagulation To prevent ruptures of small blood vessels in the eyes can help prevent or curb diabetic retinopathy.Most patients with diabetes need to check their eyes with an ophthalmologist at least once a year to reveal the first retinopathy manifestations.
• Dialysis, the process of artificial blood filtering, may be needed for kidney failure.In serious cases, kidney transplant can be needed,
• Clear control of blood glucose levels retains or prevents subsequent complications that affect the eyes, kidneys and the nervous system.
• Kidney damage can slow down when controlling blood pressure.

When you need a doctor

• If you notice a sudden or gradual growth in terms of hunger, thirst, or increase the amount of produced prospect or gradual increase.
• Contact your doctor if you are sick with diabetes and simultaneously ill with leaking nose or flu, which took the blood sugar level from control.Do not use a medicine sold without a prescription without consulting a doctor.
• Attention!Call an ambulance if the patient with diabetes loses consciousness.Tell the doctor that a person is sick with diabetes.
• Attention!(In the second type of diabetes.) Please call an ambulance immediately if you have symptoms of hyperoscopic - Broadcore;They include strong thirst, lethargy, weakness and confusion.
• Attention!(In the first type of diabetes.) Call an ambulance immediately if you have symptoms of diabetic ketoacitosis;They include dry mouth, dry and red skin, sweet or with a fruit smell from the mouth, difficulty breathing, vomiting and abdominal pain in combination with excessive urination and severe thirst (or without).
• Attention!(With the first type of diabetes.) Take the doctor immediately if the presence of ketonon bodies and measures prescribed by your doctor is in the urine, do not help to deal with the problem.